Start with what you need treated.

Back stretching as a therapeutic treatment involves specific, targeted exercises designed to relieve tension in tight back muscles, improve spinal flexibility, and reduce pain associated with common conditions such as muscle strain, mild disc issues, or general stiffness from prolonged sitting or poor posture. A physical therapist typically assesses the individual's specific pattern of tightness and pain before designing a personalized stretching program, which may be taught during in-clinic sessions and then continued as a home exercise program for ongoing benefit. Sessions with a therapist typically last 30 to 45 minutes, while a home stretching routine can be incorporated into daily life in just 10 to 15 minutes. There is no downtime or recovery period required, as this is a gentle, non-invasive therapeutic approach suitable for most patients with mechanical back pain. Consistent, regular practice over several weeks typically yields the best results in terms of improved flexibility and reduced pain. This approach is often combined with other treatments such as core strengthening exercises and posture correction for comprehensive back pain management.

Cemented total hip replacement uses a specialized surgical bone cement to fix the artificial hip implant components securely to the surrounding bone immediately during surgery, providing strong, stable fixation from the outset, which is particularly advantageous for older patients or those with weaker or more porous bone (osteoporosis) where bone might not grow into an uncemented implant as reliably. The surgeon removes the damaged joint surfaces and precisely positions the implant components, applying bone cement to create a strong bond between the implant and the surrounding bone as the cement hardens. The procedure is performed under spinal or general anesthesia and typically takes one to two hours. Patients are generally able to bear full weight on the new hip relatively quickly after surgery, since the cement provides immediate fixation strength, which can be advantageous for early mobilization and rehabilitation. Physical therapy begins soon after surgery to restore strength and mobility. Most patients experience substantial pain relief and significantly improved function, with cemented implants having a long track record of reliable, durable performance, particularly in older patient populations.

Cementless total hip replacement uses implant components with a specially textured or porous surface designed to encourage the patient's own natural bone to gradually grow into and around the implant, creating a strong, durable, biological bond over the following weeks to months after surgery, without the use of bone cement. This technique is particularly well-suited to younger, more active patients with good quality bone, as the biological fixation achieved can offer excellent long-term durability. The surgeon carefully prepares the bone to achieve a precise, tight fit for the implant components, relying on this initial mechanical stability to hold the implant securely in place while bone ingrowth occurs over time. The procedure is performed under spinal or general anesthesia and typically takes one to two hours. Patients are often advised to gradually increase weight-bearing on the new hip over the initial weeks following surgery, allowing time for adequate bone ingrowth to occur before full loading, though specific protocols vary based on surgeon preference and implant design. Physical therapy supports recovery of strength and mobility during this period. Most patients achieve excellent long-term pain relief and function with this well-established fixation technique.

Foot and ankle deformity correction addresses a range of structural abnormalities affecting the foot and ankle, including severe flatfoot, deformity following trauma, or complications from conditions such as arthritis, using a combination of bone-cutting and realigning procedures (osteotomies), joint fusions where needed for stability, and soft tissue procedures to address associated tendon or ligament imbalances. The specific surgical plan is carefully individualized based on detailed clinical examination and imaging to address each patient's unique pattern of deformity, often requiring multiple coordinated procedures performed during the same surgical session. The procedure is performed under regional nerve block or general anesthesia, with duration varying considerably, often two to four hours, based on the complexity and number of procedures required. Patients typically require a period of non-weight-bearing or limited weight-bearing in a cast or boot while the surgical corrections heal, followed by a structured rehabilitation program to restore strength and function. Recovery is often gradual, taking several months for full healing and return to normal activity. Most patients experience significant improvement in foot and ankle alignment, pain relief, and overall function following successful correction.

High flex knee replacement uses a specially designed implant that allows for a greater degree of deep knee flexion compared to standard knee replacement implants, which can be particularly beneficial for patients whose cultural practices, occupation, or lifestyle regularly involve activities requiring significant knee bending, such as kneeling in prayer, sitting cross-legged on the floor, or certain occupational demands. The surgical technique and overall approach are very similar to standard total knee replacement, with the primary difference being the specific implant design used, chosen based on the patient's individual functional goals and activity requirements. The procedure is performed under spinal or general anesthesia and typically takes one to two hours, similar to standard knee replacement. Physical therapy following surgery follows a similar course to standard knee replacement, with particular attention to safely working toward the deeper flexion the implant is designed to allow as healing progresses. Most patients achieve substantial pain relief along with an improved ability to perform activities requiring deeper knee bending, though the achievable range of motion also depends on factors specific to each patient beyond just the implant design itself.

Hip arthroscopy allows direct visualization and treatment of conditions within the hip joint, including labral tears, femoroacetabular impingement (where the bones of the hip joint rub abnormally against each other), and loose cartilage fragments, using a small camera and specialized instruments inserted through a few small incisions around the hip. This minimally invasive approach offers advantages over traditional open hip surgery, including smaller incisions and generally a faster recovery for appropriately selected patients and conditions. The procedure is performed under regional nerve block or general anesthesia and typically takes one to two hours depending on the specific findings and repairs needed. Patients often use crutches for a period after surgery to protect the hip while healing begins, with a structured, progressive physical therapy program playing a central role in restoring hip strength, motion, and function over the following weeks to months. Return to full activity, including sports, generally takes several months following successful arthroscopic hip surgery and dedicated rehabilitation. Most patients experience significant improvement in hip pain and function, particularly when the underlying cause of symptoms is accurately identified and appropriately addressed.

Hip augmentation enhances the volume and contour of the hips, performed either for cosmetic reasons to achieve a fuller, more curvaceous silhouette, or for reconstructive purposes following trauma, congenital asymmetry, or previous surgery, using either silicone implants placed through a small incision, or fat transfer using the patient's own fat harvested from another area of the body via liposuction. The specific technique chosen depends on the amount of enhancement desired and the patient's individual anatomy and preferences, with fat transfer offering a more natural feel but potentially less predictable, more modest volume increase compared to implants. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and typically takes two to three hours depending on the technique used. Recovery involves wearing compression garments and limiting certain activities and positions for several weeks to support proper healing and, in the case of fat transfer, to maximize the survival of the transferred fat cells. Most patients achieve their desired improvement in hip contour and proportion, with final results becoming fully apparent as swelling resolves over the following months.

Hip reconstruction surgery addresses complex hip conditions that go beyond what standard hip replacement can address, such as significant bone loss from trauma or previous failed surgery, congenital hip abnormalities like severe hip dysplasia, or complex deformities requiring a combination of techniques including bone grafting to restore lost bone stock, osteotomies to correct abnormal bone alignment, and specialized implant techniques to achieve a stable, functional joint. Given the complexity and individualized nature of these cases, extensive pre-operative planning using detailed imaging is essential to develop a tailored surgical strategy for each patient's unique anatomy and pathology. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and can take several hours, often longer than standard hip replacement given the additional reconstructive elements involved. Recovery is typically more extended than standard hip replacement, with a longer period of protected weight-bearing while bone grafts and reconstructions heal, followed by comprehensive physical therapy. Most patients, despite starting from a more complex baseline condition, experience significant improvement in pain and function, though the overall outcome and recovery timeline depend heavily on the complexity of the underlying condition being addressed.

Knee arthroscopy allows the surgeon to directly visualize and treat a variety of knee conditions, including meniscus tears, cartilage damage, loose bodies, and certain ligament injuries, using a small camera and specialized surgical instruments inserted through a couple of small incisions around the knee. This minimally invasive approach offers significant advantages over traditional open knee surgery, including smaller incisions, less post-operative pain and swelling, and generally a faster return to normal activities for appropriate conditions. The procedure is performed under regional nerve block or general anesthesia and typically takes 30 minutes to an hour for straightforward procedures, longer for more complex repairs. Patients are often able to walk with minimal assistance shortly after surgery, with a structured physical therapy program supporting recovery of strength and full function over the following weeks. Recovery time varies depending on the specific procedure performed, ranging from just a week or two for simple diagnostic or debridement procedures to several months for more extensive ligament reconstruction. Most patients experience significant improvement in knee pain and function following successful arthroscopic treatment of their specific condition.

Knee meniscectomy removes the torn or damaged portion of the meniscus, the crescent-shaped cartilage that cushions the knee joint, addressing symptoms such as pain, swelling, catching, or locking that occur when a meniscus tear does not heal on its own and does not improve with conservative treatment. Using arthroscopic, minimally invasive technique, the surgeon carefully trims away only the damaged, unstable portion of the meniscus while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible, since the meniscus plays an important role in cushioning and protecting the knee joint's cartilage surfaces. The procedure is performed under regional nerve block or general anesthesia and typically takes 20 to 40 minutes. Recovery is generally relatively quick compared to many other knee surgeries, with most patients walking with minimal assistance within a day or two and gradually returning to normal activities over a couple of weeks, supported by a course of physical therapy to restore strength and function. Most patients experience significant relief from their pre-operative symptoms, though preserving as much meniscus tissue as possible during surgery helps protect long-term knee joint health.

Hip resurfacing offers an alternative to traditional total hip replacement for appropriately selected patients, typically younger, more active individuals with good bone quality, by reshaping and capping the existing ball of the hip joint with a smooth metal covering, rather than removing and replacing the entire femoral head and neck as in standard hip replacement. This bone-conserving approach preserves more of the patient's natural bone stock, which can be particularly advantageous for younger patients who may eventually require a conversion to total hip replacement later in life, as it can leave more favorable bone anatomy for that future surgery if needed. The procedure is performed under spinal or general anesthesia and typically takes slightly longer than a standard total hip replacement, generally one and a half to two hours. Careful patient selection is important for this procedure, as it is generally recommended for patients with strong, healthy bone and specific hip joint characteristics that make them suitable candidates. Recovery and rehabilitation follow a broadly similar course to total hip replacement, with most suitable candidates experiencing excellent pain relief and a return to a high level of activity, including many sports.

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) treats fractures that cannot be adequately aligned or held in place with a cast alone, requiring surgery to directly access the fracture site, carefully realign the broken bone fragments into their correct anatomical position, and then secure them using metal plates, screws, rods, or wires to maintain this alignment while the bone heals naturally. This surgical approach allows for more precise fracture alignment and often permits earlier, safer movement of the affected limb compared to prolonged casting alone, which can be particularly important for fractures involving joint surfaces or complex fracture patterns. The procedure is performed under general or regional anesthesia, with duration varying considerably from about one hour for simpler fractures to several hours for complex, multi-fragment fractures. Recovery involves a period of protected weight-bearing or limited use of the affected limb while the bone heals, guided by regular follow-up X-rays to monitor healing progress, followed by physical therapy to restore strength and function. The surgical hardware generally remains in place permanently unless it causes specific problems, with most fractures healing successfully and patients regaining good function of the affected limb.